The release of 2020 Census redistricting files gives us our first opportunity to explore demographic changes for Asian Americans in New York over the last decade. This brief examines Asian American population growth and shifts in cities, towns, and localities across the state.

The data shows that upstate New York experienced Asian population growth in ways similar to New York City.

• Asian children, refugees and immigrants drove growth in Asian American communities across the state.
• Limited English proficiency and high poverty rates among Asians were found across communities in upstate New York.

Asian Population in New York City and State: A State of Growth

• The Asian American population in New York State increased by 37.6 percent, growing from 1,579,494 in 2010 to 2,173,719 in 2020.
• Asian Americans made up 10.8 percent of the total population of New York State in 2020, up from 8.2 percent in 2010. 
• The state’s population of Asian children increased 32.4 percent in the last decade compared to a 4.9 percent decrease in the population of all children.
• New York City was home to the largest Asian community in the state, with 1,525,851 residents who made up 17.3 percent of the city’s population. 

As shown in Table 1, if the boroughs of New York City were their own cities, they would still rank among the top ten places in the State, in terms of numeric Asian population growth and population size. However, calculating population growth as a percentage change revealed rapidly growing areas outside of New York City, as discussed in the following section.

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Table 1. Greatest Numeric Changes in New York’s Asian Population, 2010- 2020

Locality	Numeric Change	Asian Population in 2020
Queens borough, Queens County	153,106	705,973
Brooklyn borough, Kings County	135,037	419,526
Manhattan borough, New York County	54,721	254,443
Staten Island borough, Richmond County	25,544	64,300
Hempstead town, Nassau County	23,952	69,064
Bronx borough, Bronx County	22,524	81,609
North Hempstead town, Nassau County	21,768	58,741
Oyster Bay town, Nassau County	20,802	50,005
Buffalo city, Erie County	13,689	23,387
Brookhaven town, Suffolk County	5,917	27,766
Amherst town, Erie County	5,878	16,561

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A Rapidly Growing Asian Population Outside NYC

The Asian American population grew quickly over the past decade in areas outside of the city, with several localities more than doubling in population.  

• Several towns in Nassau County (Table 1) experienced the highest numeric growth amongst all of New York State’s localities. 
• In Erie County, the town of Cheektowaga and the city of Buffalo saw jumps of 145.9 and 141.2 percent, respectively, in the Asian population.

• In the town of Halfmoon in Saratoga County, the Asian population increased by 111 percent.
• In the town of Salina in Onondaga County, Asians increased by 107 percent.

Figure 1 depicts how much of the growth in the Asian population occurred in the last decade. Especially in Buffalo, where the Asian population grew at a slower rate than the rest of the state and New York City until 2010, only to then surpass both in 2020.

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Figure 1. Asian Population Change from 1970 to 2020 (Indexed to 1970)

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The share of the Asian American population increased in localities that experienced significant population growth, contributing to the changing demographics of these areas.

• In Scarsdale, Westchester County, and North Hempstead, Nassau County, nearly a quarter of the population was Asian. These towns also experienced the largest change in the Asian share of population between 2010 to 2020 (Table 2). 
• The city of Utica in Oneida County, the town of Henrietta in Monroe County, and Buffalo surpassed almost all localities with both a relatively large change in the total share of the Asian population and high population growth – over 75 percent. 

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Table 2. Greatest Change in Asian Share of Population, 2010-2020

Locality	Asian Share of Population in 2020	Change in Asian Share (2010-2020)
Scarsdale town, Westchester County	24%	+9%
North Hempstead town, Nassau County	25%	+8%
Henrietta town, Monroe County	15%	7%
Oyster Bay town, Nassau County	17%	+7%
Utica city, Oneida County	14%	+6%
New Castle town, Westchester County	14%	+5%
Colonie town, Albany County	12%	+5%
Staten Island borough, Richmond County	13%	+5%
Buffalo city, Erie County	8%	+5%
Queens borough, Queens County	29%	+5%

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Asian Children Drove Population Growth in Urban Areas Across the State

Asian American children drove Asian population growth in several localities across the state that were identified as hotspots for Asian growth. 

Table 3 shows the areas where Asian children accounted for more than one-fifth of total Asian population growth. In the 2020 Census, children made up one-fifth of the population in New York State overall.

• Table 3 shows that the fastest growing localities were in the metro areas of Albany, Buffalo, Syracuse, and Utica.
• Select downstate areas where Asian children were a key driver of overall population growth included Harrison and Scarsdale in Westchester County, and the towns of Oyster Bay and North Hempstead in Long Island’s Nassau County. 
• The highest numeric changes in New York City’s Asian child population took place in Brooklyn with an increase of 27,539 children followed by 19,891 in Queens (not shown in Table 3). However, children were not a disproportionately large part of the Asian population growth in the city.

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Table 3. New York’s Asian Population Growth due to Children, 2010-2020

Locality	Population Growth due to Asian Children	Numeric Growth in Asian Children
Harrison town, Westchester County	43%	549
Scarsdale town, Westchester County	39%	729
Utica city, Oneida County	37%	1,412
Buffalo city, Erie County	37%	5,011
Cheektowaga town, Erie County	30%	696
Syracuse city, Onondaga County	28%	734
Oyster Bay town, Nassau County	27%	5,688
Greenburgh town, Westchester County	26%	887
Colonie town, Albany County	25%	1,103
North Hempstead town, Nassau County	24%	5,308
Schenectady city, Schenectady County	23%	692
Hempstead town, Nassau County	22%	5,354
Bronx borough, Bronx County	22%	4,920
Albany city, Albany County	22%	759
Staten Island borough, Richmond County	21%	5,459
Brooklyn borough, Kings County	20%	27,539
Amherst town, Erie County	20%	1,179

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More Immigration Driving Higher Poverty and Limited English Proficiency Rates Outside of NYC

If we examine the localities with the greatest change in Asian population presented in Table 2, we see three overall trends in Table 4.

• High poverty and limited English proficiency (LEP) rates above 50 percent were found among upstate localities, with poverty rates as high as 35 percent in Utica, 49 percent in Buffalo, 25 percent in the town of Ithaca, and 48 percent in the town of Vestal.
• Low poverty rates and LEP rates below 50 percent were found among towns in the New York City metro area. 
• The five boroughs of New York City had comparatively lower poverty rates than several high poverty upstate areas, but had LEP rates above 50 percent.

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Table 4. Selected Characteristics of New York Areas with the Greatest Change in Asian Population Share

Locality	Poverty Rate	LEP Rate	Top Ethnicities
Scarsdale town, Westchester County	3%	33%	Chinese; Asian Indian; Korean
North Hempstead town, Nassau County	4%	43%	Chinese; Asian Indian; Korean
Henrietta town, Monroe County	20%	58%	Asian Indian; Chinese; Nepalese
Oyster Bay town, Nassau County	4%	43%	Asian Indian; Chinese; Korean
Utica city, Oneida County	35%	67%	Burmese; Thai; Vietnamese; Cambodian
New Castle town, Westchester County	5%	25%	Chinese; Korean; Asian Indian; Taiwanese
Colonie town, Albany County	9%	45%	Asian Indian; Chinese; Pakistani
Staten Island borough, Richmond County	11%	53%	Chinese; Asian Indian; Filipino
Buffalo city, Erie County	49%	55%	Asian Indian; Burmese; Chinese
Queens borough, Queens County	14%	65%	Chinese; Asian Indian

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Recent Migration and Refugee Resettlement Increased Asian Diversity Upstate

While we await the release of detailed Asian ethnic group data from the 2020 Census, this brief will use ACS data to provide insights into which Asian ethnicities were driving population growth across the state. 

While Indians and Chinese continued to be the most populous Asian groups across New York State, trends such as refugee resettlement and recent migration contributed to increasing diversity among Asian groups in upstate New York. 

• In Utica, almost half (48 percent) of the Asian population was Burmese. Due to refugee resettlement, Utica was home to a significant Karen community, an ethnic group largely from Myanmar (Burma), who are currently classified as Burmese in Census data.
• In Buffalo, Burmese made up 20 percent of all Asians, as a result of migration of Karen and other refugees from Myanmar. Buffalo also saw Bangladeshis emerge as 10 percent of the Asian population, resulting from migration to the area from New York City in recent years. 
• Pakistanis made up 11 percent of Asians in the town of Colonie, in Albany County; 
• Nepalese, who largely came to the United States in the last ten years, made up 12 percent of Asians in the town of Henrietta, in Monroe County.

Technical Notes

Our population analysis looked at the Asian Alone or in Combination census category which includes anyone who identifies as Asian in any way. We analyzed 2020 Census data by county subdivisions which consist of cities, towns, and other legal units across the entire state of New York; including New York City’s five boroughs. This report refers to these geographic areas as localities. 

Data on Asian ethnic groups, poverty and limited English proficiency were derived from the 2019 Five-Year American Community Survey (ACS) data tables from the Census Bureau. Since the Census Bureau has yet to release detailed 2020 data for Asian ethnic groups, the ACS remains the most complete data source on Asian populations by ethnic group. ACS data tables were only available for the Asian Alone census category, which covers people who identify as Asian only.